Varun Bisessar

Michael Grove

ENGL21003

11/07/2018

1. Introduction: -Investigated Topic: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder a comorbid disorder with Bipolar Disorder?

-Important to the field of psychology because treating comorbid Bipolar Disorder has to vary from patient to patient, usual treatment method will show no response to patient suffering from comorbidity.

-I am interested in this topic because the characteristics of these two disorders as complex as they are, become more complex when they are comorbid. Changing the symptoms and methods needed to treat.

-Research presented has prompted discussion from psychiatrists about changing treatment methods, however research shows limitations that must be cleared to conduct future research, these limitations will be addressed in this review.

1. Body: -commonalities and differences in research findings

-integration of studies and results

-questions surrounding the field

– research questions, methods, participants, findings

-what has been learned/what has to be learned

-what errors are being made in treatment?

• Conclusion: -what contribution has my review given to the issue

-evaluate and critique the literature presented

-what research should be done, is it an adequate time to justify one stance or another?

-what changes should be made and precautionary steps taken when trying to help patients with such disorders

-are cases increasing, how to decrease?

Potential Start:

The Relationship Between OCD and BD

Studies have indicated that Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) share symptoms. However, confusion has surrounded whether OCD is a type of BD or if OCD and BD co-occurring is a comorbid condition. Psychiatrists face a major dilemma when attempting to treat patients suffering from OCD because the treatments used for a patient singularly affected by BD may negatively affect the person suffering from comorbid BD. This review will define OCD and BD and the symptoms that the disorders share, how the treatments of these disorders differ, and the current research findings and assessments. Of the current research available, many studies display limitations that must be addressed in order for further research to be conducted.

BD is one of the major public health issues in the world. BD is categorized by level I and II. Bipolar I disorder is diagnosed when a person has a manic episode. Bipolar I disorder is the most severe form of BD because symptoms are severe enough to cause dysfunction and problems with work, family, or social activities and responsibilities. Also, symptoms of a manic episode may require a person to be hospitalized. Bipolar II disorder involves a person having at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

OCD is a disorder dealing with obsessions and compulsions. OCD is an anxiety disorder in which time people have reoccurring, unwanted thoughts, ideas or sensations (obsessions) that make them feel driven to do something repetitive (compulsions) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). OCD and BD share some symptoms which prompted research that focused on the comorbidity of these disorders. However, research that has revealed that BD and OCD being comorbid disorder has posed a major dilemma for psychiatrists. When disorders as such are comorbid psychiatrists have to separate the symptoms of the main disorder and the comorbid disorder. Attempting to treat BD is already a troubling task because of the scope of the disorder. The antidepressant medication that institutionally accepted for treating OCD conditions become less affective with a comorbid patient because antidepressants irritate mania. This results in potential destructive and harmful nature in a patient, BD also takes priority because of the nature.

References:

Amerio, A., Stubbs, B., Odone, A., Tonna, M., Marchesi, C., & Nassir Ghaemi, S. (2016). Bipolar I and II Disorders; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Differences in Comorbid Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, 10(3).

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Publishing, 5.

Amerio, A., Tonna, M., Odone, A., Stubbs, B., & Ghaemi, S. N. (2015). Heredity in comorbid bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. Shanghai archives of psychiatry, 27(5), 307-310.

Chandran, N., Parmar, A., & Deb, K. S. (2017). A Rare Presentation of a Case of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Comorbid with Bipolar Affective Disorder. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 39(6), 794-796.

Kazhungil, F., Cholakottil, A., Kattukulathil, S., Kottelassal, A., & Vazhakalayil, R. (2017). Clinical and familial profile of bipolar disorder with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder: an Indian study. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 39(4), 270-275.

Rajnarayan, M., Reddy, Y. C., Bada, S. (2011). Obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without bipolar disorder. Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 65(5), 423-233.

Shi S. (2015). Obsessive compulsive symptoms in bipolar disorder patients: a comorbid disorder or a subtype of bipolar disorder. Shanghai archives of psychiatry, 27(4), 249-51.